According to the American Psychiatric Association, IPV is characterized by the physical, sexual, or psychological harm that is done to a person by their partner or spouse. Intimate partner violence is perpetrated by both women and men; however, women are the primary victims of IPV. In many instances the abuse occurs behind closed doors, therefore, signs of the abuse may not be visible. IPV occurs across all socioeconomic classes, as well as within all religious and cultural backgrounds.
Victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) experience long-lasting psychological effects that remain after the abuse. Victims of IPV experience numerous health consequences (physical, mental, sexual, and reproductive health), however, anxiety and depression are reported at alarmingly higher rates among women that have been in an abusive relationship in contrast to those that have not been. Due to the underreporting of IPV occurrences, evidence is lacking regarding mental health and incidents of IPV. What is clear is that IPV and mental health are closely related. Additionally, besides anxiety and depression, victims of IPV often display the following:
- Increased feelings of guilt
- Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
- Instances of self-harm
- Suicidal thoughts
- Decreased self-esteem
These mental health factors vary depending on the severity, duration, and frequency of the incidents of abuse. Therefore, it is important to be mindful of abuse and being aware of the subtle signs of intimate partner violence.
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